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Constitution of the State of Michigan of 1963

Article I: Declaration of Rights

§ 1. Political power.
§ 2. Equal protection; discrimination.
§ 3. Assembly, consultation, instruction, petition.
§ 4. Freedom of worship and religious belief; appropriations.
§ 5. Freedom of speech and of press.
§ 6. Bearing of arms.
§ 7. Military power subordinate to civil power.
§ 8. Quartering of soldiers.
§ 9. Slavery and involuntary servitude.
§ 10. Attainder; ex post facto laws; impairment of contracts.
§ 11. Searches and seizures.
§ 12. Habeas corpus.
§ 13. Conduct of suits in person or by counsel.
§ 14. Jury trials.
§ 15. Double jeopardy; bailable offenses; commencement of trial if bail denied; bail hearing; effective date.
§ 16. Bail; fines; punishments; detention of witnesses.
§ 17. Self‐incrimination; due process of law; fair treatment at investigations.
§ 18. Witnesses; competency, religious beliefs.
§ 19. Libels, truth as defense.
§ 20. Rights of accused in criminal prosecutions.
§ 21. Imprisonment for debt.
§ 22. Treason; definition, evidence.
§ 23. Enumeration of rights not to deny others.
§ 24. Rights of crime victims; enforcement; assessment against convicted defendants.
§ 25. Marriage.
§ 26. Affirmative action programs.
§ 27. Human embryo and embryonic stem cell research.
§ 28. Right to reproductive freedom.

Article II: Elections

Article III: General Government

§ 1. Seat of government.
§ 2. Separation of powers of government.
§ 3. Great seal.
§ 4. Militia.
§ 5. Intergovernmental agreements; service by public officers and employees.
§ 6. Internal improvements.
§ 7. Common law and statutes, continuance.
§ 8. Opinions on constitutionality by supreme court.

Article IV: Legislative Branch

§ 1. Legislative power.
§ 2. Senators, number, term.
§ 3. Representatives, number, term; contiguity of districts.
§ 4. Annexation or merger with a city. (Abrogated in 2018)
§ 5. Island areas, contiguity. (Abrogated in 2018)
§ 6. Independent citizens redistricting commission for state legislative and congressional districts.
§ 7. Legislators; qualifications, removal from district.
§ 8. Ineligibility of government officers and employees.
§ 9. Civil appointments, ineligibility of legislators.
§ 10. Legislators and state officers, government contracts, conflict of interest; annual financial disclosure report.
§ 11. Legislators privileged from civil arrest and civil process; limitation; questioning for speech in either house prohibited.
§ 12. State officers compensation commission.
§ 13. Legislature; time of convening, sine die adjournment, measures carried over.
§ 14. Quorum; powers of less than quorum.
§ 15. Legislative council.
§ 16. Legislature; officers, rules of procedure, expulsion of members.
§ 17. Committees; record of votes, public inspection, notice of hearings.
§ 18. Journal of proceedings; record of votes, dissents.
§ 19. Record of votes on elections and advice and consent.
§ 20. Open meetings.
§ 21. Adjournments, limitations.
§ 22. Bills.
§ 23. Style of laws.
§ 24. Laws; object, title, amendments changing purpose.
§ 25. Revision and amendment of laws; title references, publication of entire sections.
§ 26. Bills; printing, possession, reading, vote on passage.
§ 27. Laws, effective date.
§ 28. Bills, subjects at special session.
§ 29. Local or special acts.
§ 30. Appropriations; local or private purposes.
§ 31. General appropriation bills; priority, statement of estimated revenue.
§ 32. Laws imposing taxes.
§ 33. Bills passed; approval by governor or veto, reconsideration by legislature.
§ 34. Bills, referendum.
§ 35. Publication and distribution of laws and judicial decisions.
§ 36. General revision of laws; compilation of laws.
§ 37. Administrative rules, suspension by legislative committee.
§ 38. Vacancies in office.
§ 39. Continuity of government in emergencies.
§ 40. Alcoholic beverages; age requirement; liquor control commission; excise tax; local option.
§ 41. Lotteries.
§ 42. Ports and port districts; incorporation, internal.
§ 43. Bank and trust company laws.
§ 44. Trial by jury in civil cases.
§ 45. Indeterminate sentences.
§ 46. Death penalty.
§ 47. Chaplains in state institutions.
§ 48. Disputes concerning public employees.
§ 49. Hours and conditions of employment.
§ 50. Atomic and new forms of energy.
§ 51. Public health and general welfare.
§ 52. Natural resources; conservation, pollution, impairment, destruction.
§ 53. Auditor general; appointment, qualifications, term, removal, post audits.
§ 54. Limitations on terms of office of state legislators.

Article V: Executive Branch

§ 1. Executive power.
§ 2. Principal departments.
§ 3. Single heads of departments; appointment, term.
§ 4. Commissions or agencies for less than 2 years.
§ 5. Examining or licensing board members, qualifications.
§ 6. Advice and consent to appointments.
§ 7. Vacancies in office; filling, senatorial disapproval of appointees.
§ 8. Principal departments, supervision of governor; information from state officers.
§ 9. Principal departments, location.
§ 10. Removal or suspension of officers; grounds, report.
§ 11. Provisional appointments to fill vacancies due to suspension.
§ 12. Military powers.
§ 13. Elections to fill vacancies in legislature.
§ 14. Reprieves, commutations and pardons.
§ 15. Extra sessions of legislature.
§ 16. Legislature other than at seat of government.
§ 17. Messages and recommendations to legislature.
§ 18. Budget; general and deficiency appropriation bills.
§ 19. Disapproval of items in appropriation bills.
§ 20. Reductions in expenditures.
§ 21. State elective executive officers; term, election.
§ 22. Governor and lieutenant governor, qualifications.
§ 23. State elective executive officers, compensation.
§ 24. Executive residence.
§ 25. Lieutenant governor; president of senate, tie vote, duties.
§ 26. Succession to governorship.
§ 27. Salary of successor.
§ 28. State transportation commission; establishment; purpose; appointment, qualifications, and terms of members; director of state transportation department.
§ 29. Civil rights commission; members, term, duties, appropriation.
§ 30. Limitations on terms of executive officers.

Article VI: Judicial Branch

Article VII: Local Government

§ 1. Counties; corporate character, powers and immunities.
§ 2. County charters.
§ 3. Reduction of size of county.
§ 4. County officers; terms, combination.
§ 5. Offices at county seat.
§ 6. Sheriffs; security, responsibility for acts, ineligibility for other office.
§ 7. Boards of supervisors; members.
§ 8. Legislative, administrative, and other powers and duties of boards.
§ 9. Compensation of county officers.
§ 10. Removal of county seat.
§ 11. Indebtedness, limitation.
§ 12. Navigable streams, permission to bridge or dam.
§ 13. Consolidation of counties, approval by electors.
§ 14. Organization and consolidation of townships.
§ 15. County intervention in public utility service and rate proceedings.
§ 16. Highways, bridges, culverts, airports; road tax limitation.
§ 17. Townships; corporate character, powers and immunities.
§ 18. Township officers; term, powers and duties.
§ 19. Township public utility franchises.
§ 20. Townships, dissolution; villages as cities.
§ 21. Cities and villages; incorporation, taxes, indebtedness.
§ 22. Charters, resolutions, ordinances; enumeration of powers.
§ 23. Parks, boulevards, cemeteries, hospitals.
§ 24. Public service facilities.
§ 25. Public utilities; acquisition, franchises, sale.
§ 26. Cities and villages, loan of credit.
§ 27. Metropolitan governments and authorities.
§ 28. Governmental functions and powers; joint administration, costs and credits, transfers.
§ 29. Highways, streets, alleys, public places; control, use by public utilities.
§ 30. Franchises and licenses, duration.
§ 31. Vacation or alteration of roads, streets, alleys, public places.
§ 32. Budgets, public hearing.
§ 33. Removal of elected officers.
§ 34. Construction of constitution and law concerning counties, townships, cities, villages.

Article VIII: Education

Article IX: Finance and Taxation

Article X: Property

§ 1. Disabilities of coverture abolished; separate property of wife; dower.
§ 2. Eminent domain; compensation.
§ 3. Homestead and personalty, exemption from process.
§ 4. Escheats.
§ 5. State lands.
§ 6. Resident aliens, property rights.

Article XI: Public Officers and Employment

Article XII: Amendment and Revision

Schedule and Temporary Provisions

Removed and Rejected Provisions