While much of international immigration is determined at the national level, localities may have some impact on whether immigrants tend to move there. Evaluating the impact of increased international immigration following the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, a group of economists find that “legalization [of undocumented immigrants] has no long-run effect on state-level economic institutions, although it may temporarily cause an increase in government spending relative to personal income. Therefore, our findings assuage concerns that granting amnesties to illegal immigrants will reduce productivity in the United States and buttress arguments that relaxed immigration barriers lead to greater global economic efficiency.”[108]