1 Kathryn Summers, “‘Race to the Top’ School Reform” (Michigan Senate Fiscal Agency, April 12, 2010), https://perma.cc/N4HW-6A68.
2 “Race to the Top Program: Executive Summary” (U.S. Department of Education, November 2009), https://perma.cc/ KZ8S-48F7.
3 Laura Weber, “Michigan loses third attempt at Race to the Top” (WKAR Public Media, Dec. 16, 2011), https://perma.cc/ JH5V-7XCA.
4 Paul Kersey, "Lansing Proposes, the MEA Disposes" (Mackinac Center for Public Policy, Feb. 11, 2010), https://www.mackinac.org/12095.
5 For example, see: Paul Kersey, "Limiting the Scope of Bargaining and the 'Union Veto'" (Mackinac Center for Public Policy, Feb. 14, 2011), https://www.mackinac.org/14605.
6 Paul Kersey, "They Can Be Taught!" (Mackinac Center for Public Policy, July 12, 2011), https://www.mackinac.org/15396.
7 Beth LeBlanc, “Whitmer signs laws boosting teacher union rights at bargaining table” (The Detroit News, July 26, 2023), https://perma.cc/VV2Z-BK3Z.
8 Audrey Spalding, “Roadblocks to Reform?: A Review of Union Contracts in Michigan Schools” (Mackinac Center for Public Policy, March 5, 2014), https://www.mackinac.org/S2014-02.
9 MCL § 38.71 et seq.
10 “Master Agreement Between Clarkston Community Schools and Clarkston Education Association/MEA-NEA” (Clarkston Community Schools, Jan. 1, 2023), 81, https://perma.cc/3QQY-3FTW.
11 MCL § 423.210.
12 MCL § 169.257.
13 “February 1, 2021 to January 31, 2024: Collective Bargaining Agreement” (Troy School District, March 8, 2022), 4, https://perma.cc/E89Z-6TH2.
14 “Agreement between the Warrant Consolidated Schools Board of Education and the Warrant Education Association. 2013-2021” (Warrant Consolidated Schools, March 22, 2022), 2-3, https://perma.cc/GMY7-YC68.
15 See, e.g., Wheatley v. N.Y. State United Tchrs., 80 F.4th 386 (2d Cir. 2023), Ramon Baro v. Lake Cnty. Fed’n of Tchrs. Loc. 504, F.4th 582 (7th Cir. 2023); Hoekman v. Educ. Minn., 41 F.4th 969 (8th Cir. 2022); Hendrickson v. AFSCME Council 18, 992 F.3d 950 (10th Cir. 2021); Bennett v. Council 31 of the AFSCME, AFL-CIO, 991 F.3d 724 (7th Cir. 2021); Fischer v Governor of N.J., 842 F. App’x 741 (3d Cir. 2021), Oliver v. SEIU Loc. 668, 830 F. App’x 76 (3d Cir. 2020), Belgau v. Inslee, 975 F.3d 940 (9th Cir. 2020). While these challenges to dues deductions have failed, they nevertheless represent years of unnecessary litigation that can be avoided if a district refuses to deduct union dues.
16 MCL § 380.1250.
17 Marc J. Holley, "A Teacher Quality Primer For Michigan School Officials, State Policymakers, Media and Residents" (Mackinac Center for Public Policy, June 30, 2008), https://www.mackinac.org/S2008-05.
18 MCL § 380.1250.
19 MCL § 423.215(3)(o).
20 Tom Gantert, "School Districts Value Best Teachers $1 More Than The Worst" (Mackinac Center for Public Policy, Oct. 15, 2012), http://www.mackinac.org/17674; Michael Van Beek, “Merit Pay Survey Results” (Mackinac Center for Public Policy, Oct. 15, 2012), https://perma.cc/L8FH-4J2Y.
21 Tom Gantert, "Administrators: 98 Percent Of Michigan Teachers Average Or Above" (Michigan Capitol Confidential, Jan. 17, 2019), https://www.michigancapitolconfidential.com/26199.
22 “Public Act No. 224” (State of Michigan, Nov. 22, 2023), https://perma.cc/2XAY-5BZD.
23 MCL § 423.215(3)(n).
24 “Agreement between the Novi Community School District and the Novi Education Association, July 1, 2023-June 30, 2026” (Novi Community School District, July 1, 2023), https://perma.cc/J44R-XKSK.
25 “Master Agreement between the Lakeview Teachers Represented by MEA/NEA Local 1 and the Lakeview Board of Education’ (Lakeview Public Schools, Nov. 16, 2022), https://perma.cc/QRE4-7GFS.
26 Molly Macek, "Now is not the time to throw out teacher standards" (Mackinac Center for Public Policy, Oct. 24, 2023), https://www.mackinac.org/31438.
27 MCL § 423.215(3)(m).
28 MCL § 38.71(1).
29 “Teacher Tenure, Evaluation, Etc.” (Michigan Senate Fiscal Agency, Sept, 27, 2011), https://perma.cc/DHJ5-K6MR.
30 “In re Enterprise Wire Co and Enterprise Independent Union,” 46 LA 359 (March 28, 1966), https://perma.cc/UE8S-R6PT.
31 “Agreement between Bay City Public Schools and Bay City Education Association, 2022-2025” (Bay City Public Schools, Nov. 13, 2023), 108-110, https://perma.cc/3E5N-DEFT.
32 James M. Hohman and Hank Minor, “Michigan School Privatization Survey 2020” (Mackinac Center for Public Policy, Nov. 3, 2020), https://www.mackinac.org/S2020-11.
33 James M. Hohman and Hank Minor, “Michigan School Privatization Survey 2020” (Mackinac Center for Public Policy, Nov. 3, 2020), https://www.mackinac.org/S2020-11.
34 James M. Hohman and Hank Minor, “Michigan School Privatization Survey 2020” (Mackinac Center for Public Policy, Nov. 3, 2020), https://www.mackinac.org/S2020-11.
35 MCL § 423.215(3)(k).
36 MCL § 423.215(3)(j).
37 MCL § 423.215(3) et al.
38 “Guide to Public Sector Labor Relations Law in Michigan” (Michigan Employment Relations Commission, December 2013), 16-17, https://perma.cc/8F2C-CYHA.
39 For example, see: Michael Torres, “The Culture-War Aggression of a Teacher’s Union” (National Review, May 9, 2023), https://perma.cc/5MSY-5H9S.
