1 Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act 451, Part 196, 1994.
2 United States Bureau of the Census as reported by Olson, Gary S., "Michigan State Government Debt," Senate Fiscal Agency State Notes, November/December 1999.
3 Ibid.
4 State of Michigan, "Comprehensive Annual Financial Report," Sept. 30, 2001.
5 Olsen, Gary S., State Notes, "Michigan State Government Debt," November/December 1999.
6 Office of Auditor General.
7 Clean Michigan Initiative Act 284 of 1998.
8 DeWitt, Daniel K., "State Launches Clean Michigan Initiative," Warner Norcross & Judd LLP Business Update, April 1999.
9 Lane, Amy, "Politicians, Businesses Back Proposal C," Crain's Detroit Business, Sept. 21, 1998.
10 Lane, Amy, "Politicians, Businesses Back Proposal C," Crain's Detroit Business, Sept. 21, 1998.
11 Guest, Greta, "Proposal C has wide support, so why the huge media blitz?" The Associated Press, Oct. 13, 1998.
12 Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act 451, Part 196, Clean Michigan Initiative Implementation, Dec. 1, 1998.
13 Counties designated as "Mid-Michigan" for CMI funding purposes include Emmet, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Presque Isle, Leelanau, Antrim, Otsego, Montmorency, Alpena, Benzie, Grand Traverse, Kalkaska, Crawford, Oscoda, Alcona, Manistee, Wexford, Missaukee, Roscommon, Ogemaw, Iosco, Mason, Lake, Osceola, Clare, Gladwin, Arenac, Isabella, Midland, Bay, Huron, Saginaw, Tuscola and Sanilac. Lower Michigan counties include: Oceana, Newaygo, Mecosta, Muskegon, Montcalm, Gratiot, Ottawa, Kent, Ionia, Clinton, Shiawassee, Genesee, Lapeer, St. Clair, Allegan, Barry, Eaton, Ingham, Livingston, Oakland, Macomb, Van Buren, Kalamazoo, Calhoun, Jackson, Washtenaw, Wayne, Berrien, Cass, St. Joseph, Branch, Hillsdale, Lenawee and Monroe. Ten percent of the funds are reserved for regional parks.
14 Harding, Russell, "CMI: Investing in our families and resources," Michigan Chronicle, Dec. 15, 1998.
15 Lane, Amy, "Politicians, Businesses Back Proposal C," Crain's Detroit Business, Sept. 21, 1998.
16 Michigan Municipal League, PR Newswire, "U.S. Senator Abraham Garners Support of State's Mayors for Clean Michigan Initiative," Aug. 14, 1998.
17 Michigan Department of Treasury.
18 Olson, Gary S., "Michigan State Government Debt," Senate Fiscal Agency State Notes, November/December 1999.
19 Interview with Rep. Paul Gieleghem.
20 State of the State Report, Michigan Department of Environmental Quality.
21 Ibid.
22 Michigan Department of Natural Resources, "Michigan's Environment and Relative Risk," July 1992.
23 U.S. General Accounting Office, "Brownfields: Information on the Programs of EPA and Selected States," December 2000.
24 Hula, Richard., Davis, Phil, and Robertson, Bruce, Michigan State University Victor Institute, "Brownfield Initiatives Proving Successful," July 2001.
25 Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, "2001 Update of the Impact of the 1995 Part 201 Amendments on Cleanup and Redevelopment," March 6, 2002.
26 Gattuso, Dana J., "War Against the States: EPA Hinders Urban Cleanups," PERC Reports, September 2001.
27 Ibid.
28 Hula, Richard., Davis, Phil, and Robertson, Bruce, Michigan State University Victor Institute, "Brownfield Initiatives Proving Successful," July 2001.
29 Weissert, Carol S., Michigan State University Institute for Public Policy and Social Research, "Urban Michigan: Citizens' Perspectives on our Cities," Sept. 12, 2002.
30 Public Sector Consultants, Inc., "Status of Michigan Cities," April 2002.
31 Weissert, Carol S., Michigan State University Institute for Public Policy and Social Research, "Urban Michigan: Citizens' Perspectives on our Cities," Sept. 12, 2002.
32 Ackerman, Jerry, Vanasse Hangen Brustlin Inc., "Potential Brownfields Projects: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly," July 1999.
33 Folsom, Burton W., "Let There Be Lighthouses," Michigan Privatization Report, Spring 2000.
34 Low, Marsha, "Grant to get Oak Park pool pumping again," Detroit Free Press, Aug. 9, 2000.
35 U.S. General Accounting Office, "Great Lakes: EPA Needs to Define Organizational Responsibilities Better for Effective Oversight and Cleanup of Contaminated Areas," May 2002.
36 See "Incentives and Trash Collection," Michigan Privatization Report, Fall 2002. Available on the Internet at https://www.mackinac.org/4738
37 Sanera, Michael, "Environmental Education in Wisconsin: What the Textbooks Teach," Wisconsin Policy Research Institute, Vol. 9, No. 5, June 1996.