1 “Highest to Lowest – Prison Population Rate” (World Prison Brief), https://perma.cc/5UYX-HPP9; “Violent Crime Rates by Country” (Wisevoter, 2022), https://perma.cc/7SLM-VSSR.
2 “Lifetime Chance Of Being Sent To Prison At Current U.S. Incarceration Rates” (Prison Policy Initiative), https://perma.cc/VF3A-HGTT.
3 “Following the Money of Mass Incarceration” (Prison Policy Initiative), https://perma.cc/5NUQ-5WS8.
4 Eric Martin, “Hidden Consequences: The Impact of Incarceration on Dependent Children” (NIJ Journal 278, March 2017), https://perma.cc/28TJ-AMYD.
5 Matthew R. Durose, Alexia D. Cooper and Howard N. Snyder, “Recidivism of Prisoners Released in 30 States in 2005: Patterns from 2005 to 2010” (U.S. Department of Justice, April 2014), https://perma.cc/E73B-XCWV.
6 Robert Martinson, “What Works? — Questions and Answers About Prison Reform,” The Public Interest 35:22–54 (1974), https://perma.cc/R57Z-QP56.
7 Nazgol Ghandnoosh, “U.S. Prison Population Trends: Massive Buildup and Modest Decline” (The Sentencing Project, Sept. 2019), https://perma.cc/A4NF-D6FK.
8 Based on “Justice Expenditure and Employment Extracts, 2012 – Preliminary” (Bureau of Justice Statistics, Feb. 26, 2015), https://perma.cc/4TUX-CFUW.
9 “Time Served in State Prison, 2018” (Bureau of Justice Statistics, March 30, 2021), https://perma.cc/U75D-WGPY.
10 Chris Mai and Ram Subramanian, “The Price of Prisons: Examining State Spending Trends, 2010-2015” (Vera Institute of Justice, May 2017), 7-8, https://perma.cc/CHT6-QQVP.
11 E. Ann Carson et al., “Employment of Persons Released from Federal Prison in 2010” (U.S. Department of Justice, December 2021), Table 6, https://perma.cc/4T66-SBV5.