1 “H.R. 1409 - Employee Free Choice Act of 2009” (111th U.S. Congress, March 10, 2009), https://perma.cc/KT6Y-Y7Y7.
2 Martha M. Hamilton, “Change in Control of the House Probably Dooms Any Chance of Passage” (Politifact.com, April 20, 2011), https://perma.cc/QGL7-47J7.
3 “H.R.2474 - Protecting the Right to Organize Act of 2019” (116th U.S. Congress, May 2, 2019), https://perma.cc/66PT-3NDQ.
4 Ibid.
5 29 U.S.C. § 159(e)(1).
6 29 U.S.C. § 159(a); “Conduct Elections” (National Labor Relations Board), https://perma.cc/5MLT-S9RS; NLRB v. Gissel Packing Co., 395 U.S. 575 (1969).
7 Charles I Cohen and Jennifer M. Simmons, “Neutrality Agreements and the NLRB” (American Bar Association, Feb. 27, 2002), https://perma.cc/N8TB-TSKH.
8 Jarol B. Manheim, The Death of a Thousand Cuts (Routledge, 2000).
9 “Hardball: The Tactics of Union Corporate Campaigns” (U.S. Chamber of Commerce, 2018), https://perma.cc/777P-TGWN.
10 “Conduct Elections” (National Labor Relations Board), https://perma.cc/D8EB-9WQV; “Your Government Conducts an Election For You-On the Job: Information for Voters in NLRB Elections” (National Labor Relations Board, July 2000), https://perma.cc/V2VU-DARX.
11 Charles I. Cohen, “Statement of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce on Employee Free Choice Act” (U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Feb. 8, 2007), https://perma.cc/9HGU-Y5MQ.
12 “Conduct Elections” (National Labor Relations Board), https://perma.cc/5MLT-S9RS.
13 Charles I. Cohen, “Statement of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce on Employee Free Choice Act” (U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Feb. 8, 2007), 4–5, https://perma.cc/9HGU-Y5MQ.
14 “Conduct Elections” (National Labor Relations Board), https://perma.cc/5MLT-S9RS.
15 Excelsior Underwear, Inc., 156 NLRB 1236, 1240 (1966).
16 HCF, Inc. d/b/a Shawnee Manor, 321 NLRB 1320 (1996).
17 Ibid., 1320.
18 Ibid.
19 Davlan Engineering, Inc., 283 NLRB 803, 804 (1987).
20 Ibid.
21 Randell Warehouse of Arizona, 347 NLRB 591 (2006).
22 Enterprise Leasing Co.—Southeast, LLC, 357 NLRB 1799, 1800 (2011).
23 “Strengthening America’s Middle Class Through the Employee Free Choice Act” (U.S. Government Printing Office, Feb. 8, 2007), https://perma.cc/EH6M-GFVR.
24 Ibid., 7.
25 Ibid.
26 Ibid.
27 NLRB v. Village IX, Inc., 723 F.2d 1360, 1371 (7th Cir. 1983).
28 “Strengthening America’s Middle Class Through the Employee Free Choice Act” (U.S. Government Printing Office, Feb. 8, 2007), 29, https://perma.cc/EH6M-GFVR.
29 Ibid.
30 Ibid., 30.
31 Ibid.
32 Ibid., 4–5.
33 Excelsior Underwear, Inc., 156 NLRB 1236, 1240 (1966).
34 NLRB v. Best Products Co., 765 F.2d 903, 909 (9th Cir. 1985); Midland National Life Insurance Co., 263 NLRB 127, 133 (1982).
35 Midland National Life Insurance Co., 263 NLRB 127, 133 (1982).
36 Shopping Kart Food Market, Inc., 228 NLRB 1311, 1313 (1977).
37 1621 Route 22 W. Operating Co. LLC v. 1199 SEIU, No. 12-1031 (3rd Cir., March 14, 2018).
38 Shirlington Supermarket, Inc., 106 NLRB 666, 667 (1953).
39 Wolfrich Corporation, d/b/a Thrifty Rent-A-Car, 234 NLRB 525, 526 (1978).
40 “Strengthening America’s Middle Class Through the Employee Free Choice Act” (U.S. Government Printing Office, Feb. 8, 2007), 5–6, https://perma.cc/EH6M-GFVR.
41 Ibid., 5.
42 Ibid.
43 Ibid., 6.
44 “SEIU Union Must Abandon ‘Card Check’ Union Organizing Drives in Pacific Northwest After Finding of Rampant Abuse of Employees’ Rights” (National Right to Work Legal Defense Foundation, April 24, 2007), https://perma.cc/QYU7-QTL4.
45 Ibid.
46 For more information on neutrality agreements, see: Charles I Cohen and Jennifer M. Simmons, “Neutrality Agreements and the NLRB” (American Bar Association, Feb. 27, 2002), https://perma.cc/N8TB-TSKH.
47 “Corporate Campaigns and the NLRB: The Impact of Union Pressure on Job Creation” (U.S. Government Printing Office, May 26, 2011), https://perma.cc/24J6-PBAH.
48 Food Lion, Inc. v. United Food and Commercial Workers Int’l Union, 103 F.3d 1007, 1014 (D.C. Cir. 1997).
49 Ray Rogers, “What We Do” (Corporate Campaign, Inc.), https://perma.cc/K2VW-9A55.
50 F. Vincent Vernuccio, “Labor’s New Strategy: Intimidation for Dummies” (The Washington Times, 2011), https://perma.cc/ 3CZ6-6KYQ.
51 “Corporate Campaigns and the NLRB: The Impact of Union Pressure on Job Creation” (U.S. Government Printing Office, May 26, 2011), 9–11, https://perma.cc/24J6-PBAH.
52 L.M. Sixel, “Jury Finds against Union, Awards $5.3 Million in Damages to Cleaning Firm,” Houston Chronicle, Sep. 6, 2016, https://perma.cc/WQN5-3MSG.
53 Serv. Employees Int'l Union Local 5 v. Prof'l Janitorial Serv. of Houston, Inc., 415 S.W.3d 387, 391 (Tex. App. 2013).
54 Joe Crump, “The Pressure Is On: Organizing without the NLRB,” Labor Research Review 1, no. 18 (1991), 35, https://perma.cc/MTZ8-M3SA.
55 Max Jarman, “Bashas’ Files for Bankruptcy Protection; 10 Stores to Close,” The Arizona Republic, 2009, https://perma.cc/6BZV-PC79; Mike Sunnucks and W.J. Hennigan, “Bashas’ Sues Union for Defamation,” Phoenix Business Journal, Dec. 18, 2007.
56 Charles I. Cohen, “Statement of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce on Employee Free Choice Act” (U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Feb. 8, 2007), 14, https://perma.cc/9HGU-Y5MQ.
57 Ibid., 5.
58 NLRB v. Gissel Packing Co., 395 U.S. 575, 602 (1969).
59 NLRB v. Flomatic Corp., 347 F.2d 74, 78 (2d Cir. 1965).
60 NLRB v. Lovvorn, 172 F.2d 293, 295 (5th Cir. 1949).
61 United Services for Handicapped v. NLRB, 678 F.2d 661, 664 (6th Cir. 1982).
62 Sunbeam Corp., 99 NLRB 546, 550-51 (1952); Midwest Piping and Supply Co., Inc., 63 NLRB 1060, 1070 (1945).
63 “Your Government Conducts an Election For You-on the Job: Information for Voters in NLRB Elections” (National Labor Relations Board, July 2000), 4, https://perma.cc/V2VU-DARX.
64 U S Government Printing Office, “National Labor Relations Board Casehandling Manual, Part Two: Representation Proceedings” (U.S. Government Printing Office, 2017), 11084, https://perma.cc/YZ7W-FEFZ.
65 Charles I. Cohen, “Statement of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce on Employee Free Choice Act” (U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Feb. 8, 2007), 4–5, https://perma.cc/9HGU-Y5MQ.
66 29 U.S.C. § 159(c)(3); see also Keller Plastics Eastern, Inc., 157 NLRB 583 (1966).
67 5 CFR § 2422.12(b).
68 5 CFR § 2422.12(d)-(e).
69 5 CFR § 2422.12(d)-(e).
70 Dana Corp., 351 NLRB 434 (2007).
71 “Culture of Union Favoritism: Recent Actions of the National Labor Relations Board” (U.S. Government Printing Office, Sept. 22, 2011), 15, https://perma.cc/4YHT-GFNG.
72 Ibid., 15-16.