1 Mich Const, Art. IV, § 22.
2 Mich Const, Art. IV, § 26.
3 Mich Const, Art. IV, § 27.
4 Mich Const, Art. IV § 33.
5 “In re: Certified Questions from the United States District Court, Western District of Michigan, Southern Division” (Midwest Institute of Health, PLLC v Governor) (Michigan Supreme Court, Oct. 2, 2020), 3, https://perma.cc/4PJR-HCUQ.
6 “In re: Certified Questions from the United States District Court, Western District of Michigan, Southern Division” (Midwest Institute of Health, PLLC v Governor) (Michigan Supreme Court, Oct. 2, 2020), 93-94, https://perma.cc/4PJR-HCUQ.
7 “In re: Certified Questions from the United States District Court, Western District of Michigan, Southern Division” (Midwest Institute of Health, PLLC v Governor) (Michigan Supreme Court, Oct. 2, 2020), 24-26, https://perma.cc/4PJR-HCUQ.
8 MCL § 408.1031.
9 MCL § 324.63417.
10 MCL § 324.63513.
11 MCL § 324.41302.
12 MCL § 333.3714.
13 MCL § 324.11519.
14 MCL § 487.941.
15 MCL § 287.703a.
16 MCL § 10.121.
17 MCL § 325.1015.
18 MCL § 10.81.
19 MCL § 30.402(e).
20 “Public Act 302 of 1945 – Emergency Powers of Governor Act” (Library of Michigan Digital Repository), https://perma.cc/ 289K-2NG6.
21 Michael Van Beek, “Michigan’s Emergency Powers Law Was Always Controversial” (Mackinac Center for Public Policy, Sept. 8, 2020), https://perma.cc/XCP5-J5TD.
22 MCL § 24.248(1).
23 MCL § 24.248(1).
24 Mich Const, Art. V, § 3.
25 “Emergency Land Sales Rules Okayed by Governor” (The Evening News, Sault Sainte Marie, Mich., April 26, 1973), https://perma.cc/N5CX-7L2F; “One-Half Gallon Gas Legal” (The Herald-Press, Saint Joseph, Mich., Jan. 18, 1974), https://perma.cc/GK28-UT44; “Emergency Rules Ready” (The Herald-Palladium, Saint Joseph, Mich., Dec. 20, 1977), https://perma.cc/SYR9-4E4X; “Appeals Panel Nixes Auto Shop Fee Ruling” (Lansing State Journal, May 23, 1979), https://perma.cc/Z3AL-Z2ZX.
26 “State Order on Wagon Train Horses Angers Residents” (Battle Creek Enquirer, May 14, 1975), https://perma.cc/3T7R-EU5Z.
27 Tim Jones, “After Sound and Fury, It May End Up a Blanchard Mandate” (Detroit Free Press, May 20, 1984), https://perma.cc/ J5FG-CRXQ.
28 “State Orders Wholesalers To Apply Special Stamps on Cigarette Packages” (The Herald-Palladium, Saint Joseph, Mich., Aug. 23, 1997), https://perma.cc/XZT9-4UXL.
29 For more information, see: “Police Powers” (Legal Information Institute at Cornell Law School, December 2020), https://perma.cc/Y2VR-UDU6.
30 MCL § 10.122(1)(a)-(d).
31 MCL § 325.1015(3).
32 MCL § 325.1015(3).
33 “Emergency Powers of Governor, Act 302 of 1945,” (State of Michigan, Dec. 30, 2020), § 2, https://perma.cc/C655-CM2R.
34 “In re: Certified Questions from the United States District Court, Western District of Michigan, Southern Division” (Midwest Institute of Health, PLLC v Governor) (Michigan Supreme Court, Oct. 2, 2020), https://perma.cc/4PJR-HCUQ.
35 MCL § 30.403(3), (4).
36 MCL § 10.83(3).
37 MCL § 30.403(3), (4).
38 MCL § 286.255.
39 MCL § 286.254.
40 MCL § 286.251.
41 MCL § 324.11519.
42 MCL § 324.31521(3).
43 MCL § 324.63513(2).
44 MCL § 280.424.
45 MCL § 30.402(e).
46 MCL § 30.405(1).
47 MCL § 30.403(1).
48 MCL § 30.403(3).
49 Michigan Hazard Analysis” (Michigan Department of State Police, April 2019), https://perma.cc/U9DT-VXUQ
50 “In re: Certified Questions from the United States District Court, Western District of Michigan, Southern Division” (Midwest Institute of Health, PLLC v Governor) (Michigan Supreme Court, Oct. 2, 2020), 2, https://perma.cc/4PJR-HCUQ.
51 MCL § 30.407a.
52 MCL § 30.404.
53 MCL § 30.411.
54 MCL § 24.231 et al.
55 MCL § 24.232(7).
56 MCL § 24.207.
57 MCL § 24.207(a)-(r).
58 MCL § 324.504(1).
59 MCL § 333.2226(d).
60 “Emergency Rules: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)” (Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Oct. 14, 2020), https://perma.cc/S6YL-3BFG.
61 MCL § 408.1009.
62 MCL § 408.1011(a).
63 “Emergency Rules: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)” (Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Oct. 14, 2020), https://perma.cc/S6YL-3BFG.
64 Neil Weinberg, senior research analyst, Legislative Services Bureau, email correspondence with Lindsay Young, policy director, House Republic Policy Office, May 4, 2022.
65 For example, see: “Emergency Order Pursuant to MCL 333.2253 Regarding Executive Orders 2020-11, 2020-20, and 2020-21” (Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, April 2, 2020), https://perma.cc/6KJT-XWGQ; “Emergency Order Under MCL 333.2253 – Gatherings and Face Mask Order” (Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Oct. 29, 2020), https://perma.cc/C7WE-MQTC.
66 “Nursing Home Vaccine Order” (Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Jan. 20, 2022), https://perma.cc/ RDK4-DHDS.
67 “Emergency Order Pursuant to MCL 333.2253” (Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, March 23, 2020), https://perma.cc/4K8Q-C2QE.
68 “Emergency Order Pursuant to MCL 333.2253 Regarding Executive Orders 2020-11, 2020-20, and 2020-21” (Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, April 2, 2020), https://perma.cc/6KJT-XWGQ.
69 “Executive Order 2020-21: Temporary Requirement To Suspend Activities That Are Not Necessary To Sustain or Protect Life” (State of Michigan, March 23, 2020), https://perma.cc/ AM54-AVF5.
70 “Emergency Order Pursuant to MCL 333.2253 Regarding Executive Orders 2020-11, 2020-20, and 2020-21” (Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, April 2, 2020), https://perma.cc/6KJT-XWGQ.
71 The state has removed most of the FAQs from its website, but snapshots of the page as it once existed are available through the Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine. For snapshots of the FAQ page as it existed in spring 2020, see: https://bit.ly/ 3vQFaZy and https://bit.ly/3JJbWBB.
72 For example, see: “Emergency Order Under MCL 333.2253 – Regarding Executive Orders 2020-69, 2020-71, 2020-91, and 2020-92” (Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, May 18, 2020), https://perma.cc/YTG9-F5TZ.
73 “Emergency Order Under MCL 333.2253 – Gathering Prohibition and Mask Order” (Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Oct. 5, 2020), https://perma.cc/Z3HU-P4JW.
74 For instance, see: “Emergency Order Under MCL 333.2253 – Gathering Prohibition and Face Covering Order” (Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Oct. 9, 2020), https://perma.cc/J9T4-B4RB.
75 For instance, see: “Emergency Order under MCL 333.2253 – Gatherings and Face Mask Order” (Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Nov. 15, 2020), https://perma.cc/ 7UJE-VSAH.
76 “Emergency Order under MCL 333.2253 – Gatherings and Face Mask Order” (Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, March 19, 2021), https://perma.cc/9KA5-AUYU.
77 “Emergency Order under MCL 333.2253 – Gatherings and Face Mask Order” (Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, March 19, 2021), https://perma.cc/9KA5-AUYU.
78 “Emergency Order under MCL 333.2253 – Gatherings and Face Mask Order” (Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Dec. 7, 2020), https://perma.cc/H3QV-T86W.
79 The full list can be found here: “MDHHS Epidemic Orders” (Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, 2022), https://perma.cc/5737-VWJF.
80 “Emergency Order Under MCL 333.2253 – Exceptions to Temporary Restrictions on Entry into Certain Facilities” (Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, June 3, 2020), https://perma.cc/5KWE-DP4K; “Emergency Order Under MCL 333.2253 Regarding Executive Orders 2020-123 and 2020-108” (Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, June 15, 2020), https://perma.cc/HEW8-3CMY; “Emergency Order Under MCL 333.2253 – Exceptions to Temporary Restrictions on Entry into Congregate Care and Juvenile Justice Facilities (Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, June 29, 2020), https://perma.cc/G52A-4XDG; “Emergency Order Under MCL 333.2253 Mandatory Testing, Preventative Measures, and Safe Housing for Agricultural Workers” (Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Aug. 3, 2020), https://perma.cc/2GUG-97VK; “Emergency Order Under MCL 333.2253 Mandatory Testing for Prison Staff” (Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Aug. 19, 2020), https://perma.cc/96ML-F32D.
81 “Recission of Emergency Orders” (Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, June 17, 2021), https://perma.cc/ 8ENE-8BY6.
82 MCL § 333.2251(5)(b).
83 MCL § 408.1005(3).
84 MCL § 333.2251(1).
85 MCL § 408.1031(1).
86 MCL § 408.1031(1).
87 MCL § 333.2251(1).
88 MCL § 333.2251(2); MCL § 408.1031(3).
89 MCL § 333.2251(3).
90 MCL § 791.265a(1); MCL § 29.5; MCL § 29.23; MCL § 125.77b; MCL § 280.424; MCL § 286.253; MCL § 421.2(1); MCL § 712A.16(1).
91 Michigan Senate Bill 174 (2019), https://perma.cc/V6GJ-Y9A3.
92 MCL § 287.703a(1).
93 MCL § 287.703(u).
94 MCL § 287.703a(2).
95 MCL § 287.703a(3).
96 MCL § 287.703a(3).
97 MCL § 286.251.
98 MCL § 286.251.
99 MCL § 286.252.
100 MCL § 325.1003.
101 MCL § 325.1015(2)
102 MCL § 325.1015(3).
103 MCL § 325.1015(3).
104 MCL § 325.1002(i).
105 MCL § 325.1015(3).
106 MCL § 10.121(b).
107 MCL § 289.1105(a)(i)-(xiv).
108 MCL § 10.122(1).
109 MCL § 10.122(1)(a)-(c).
110 MCL § 10.122(1)(d).
111 MCL § 10.125.
112 MCL § 10.81(b).
113 MCL § 10.81(e).
114 MCL § 10.84(b).
115 MCL § 10.84(c).
116 MCL § 10.84(c).
117 MCL § 10.83(3).
118 MCL § 10.83(4).
119 MCL § 324.31521(1).
120 MCL § 324.31521(3).
121 MCL § 324.41301; MCL § 324.41303.
122 MCL § 324.41302 et al.
123 MCL § 324.41302(5).
124 MCL § 324.41302(5)(a)-(c).
125 MCL § 324.63417(2); MCL § 324.63506; MCL § 324.63221(4).
126 MCL § 324.63513(2).
127 MCL § 324.63513(1)(b).
128 MCL § 324.63513(2).
129 MCL § 324.80146(4).
130 MCL § 324.80146(6).
131 MCL § 333.13321(3).
132 MCL § 333.13321(3).
133 MCL § 333.13321(3).
134 MCL § 333.13523(9).
135 MCL § 333.13523(9).
136 MCL § 333.13523(9).
137 MCL § 333.5201(a)-(b).
138 MCL § 333.5203(1).
139 MCL § 333.5203(2).
140 MCL § 333.5205 et al.
141 MCL § 333.5207 et al.
142 MCL § 24.248(2).
143 MCL § 24.248(2)(d).
144 MCL § 125.485.
145 MCL § 125.485.
146 MCL § 125.486.
147 MCL § 29.23.
148 MCL § 29.23.
149 MCL § 25.292(2).
150 MCL § 25.292(2).
151 MCL § 125.2343a.
152 MCL § 451.419.
153 MCL § 324.11519(4).
154 MCL § 333.7314(2).
155 MCL § 324.62507.
156 MCL § 408.1024(4); MCL § 24.207.
157 MCL § 550.2.
158 MCL § 550.7.
159 MCL § 487.942(1).
160 Maria Tyszkiewicz, “Emergency Closure of Fin. Inst.: H.B. 4976” (Michigan Senate Fiscal Agency, April 24, 2006), https://perma.cc/7EZE-KGVN.
161 MCL § 324.41103(1).
162 MCL § 324.41103(1).
163 MCL § 324.40113a(2).
164 MCL § 324.501(2).
165 L. Burghardt, “S.B. 1033: Enrolled Analysis – Taking of Game” (Michigan Senate Fiscal Agency, Oct. 23, 1996), https://perma.cc /4YZX-9S8J.