1 Bill Deedler, Rich Pollman and Danny Costello, “Great 1986 Flood in Southeast Michigan” (National Weather Service, 2016), https://perma.cc/7NR7-CMSG.
2 “June 22-23, 2017: Damaging Winds & Flooding” (National Weather Service, 2020), https://perma.cc/D8UC-YHYQ.
3 “BHP Press Release” (Boyce Hydro Power, LLC, 2020), https://perma.cc/8CYG-LMFG.
4 “Historic Flooding May 17-20, 2020” (National Weather Service, 2020), https://perma.cc/28V7-MXZQ.
5 Karen Bouffard, “Would-Be Buyers of Edenville Dam Criticize State, AG for Muddying Facts” (The Detroit News, June 2020), https://perma.cc/938X-PZ7P; Traves Fedschun, “Michigan Flood Called ‘500-Year’ Event That Displaced Thousands After Dam Failed Revealed in Satellite Photos” (Fox News, May 2020), https://perma.cc/N6XZ-5HHG.
6 “Edenville Dam Inspection Report” (Spicer Group, Inc., March 2020), 6, https://perma.cc/7ZTV-7WQW; Dustin Walsh, “Analysis: Why Our Infrastrucutre Is a Dam Failure” (Crain’s Detroit Business, May 2020), https://perma.cc/AP7K-QTZ7.
7 “Emergency Motion For Deferred Action and Interim Reinstatement of License” (Boyce Hydro Power, LLC, Dec. 2018), https://perma.cc/5ZGX-CTLE.
8 “Lake and Watershed Facts” (Sanford Lake Improvement Board, 2020), https://perma.cc/H3KJ-JRYW.
9 Personal telephone and email communications with David Kepler, president of the Four Lakes Task Force, on June 19, 2020.
10 “About” (Four Lakes Task Force, 2020), https://perma.cc/ 2G9S-FEG8; Part 307 of 1994 P.A. 451 deals with the setting and regulation of inland lake levels in the state of Michigan. See: MCL § 324.30701 et al.
11 “Boyce Hyrdro, Four Lakes Task Force Sign Purchase Agreement” (Four Lakes Task Force, 2020), https://perma.cc/ UK2D-QTKR.
12 “About” (Four Lakes Operations Company, 2020), https://perma.cc/PM44-8E66.
13 “Boyce Hyrdro, Four Lakes Task Force Sign Purchase Agreement” (Four Lakes Task Force, 2020), https://perma.cc/ UK2D-QTKR.
14 “About” (Four Lakes Operations Company, 2020), https://perma.cc/PM44-8E66.
15 Roberto Acosta, “Federal Regulators Order Sanford Dam’s Owner to Investigate After Flood” (MLive Media Group, May 2020), https://perma.cc/7XHA-4KKC.
16 Dave Kepler, “Task Force Chair Shares Path Forward for Midland Area Lakes” (Midland Daily News, Jun. 2020), https://perma.cc/F6P3-H273; “The Path Forward for the Four Lakes of Gladwin and Midland Counties” (Four Lakes Task Force, June 22, 2020), https://perma.cc/8MYR-HME6.
17 “Statement on the Future of the Sanford, Wixom, Smallwood, and Secord Lakes” (Four Lakes Task Force, 2020), https://perma. cc/HP6A-J8SD.
18 “Boyce Hydro Power, LLC; Order Proposing Revocation of License” (Federal Register, Feb. 2018), https://perma.cc/7H6F-F8AP. See also, Clarkson v. Boyce Hydro, https://perma.cc/ UU4T-DCFB.
19 “Edenville Dam Inspection Report” (Spicer Group, Inc., March 2020), https://perma.cc/7ZTV-7WQW.
20 Beth Bellor, “Wixom Lake May Be Drained Due to Lack of Funds for Boyce Hydro Dam Repairs” (Midland Daily News, May 2013), https://perma.cc/M6S5-SZ2L.
21 Jim Pawloski, “Edenville Dam - Dam ID549, Gladwin County” (Department of Environmental Quality, Oct. 2018), https://perma.cc/7KAP-24S9.
22 “Edenville Dam Failure” (Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy, 2020), https://perma. cc/G8DN-S4QY.
23 Karen Bouffard, “Would-Be Buyers of Edenville Dam Criticize State, AG for Muddying Facts” (The Detroit News, Jun. 2020), https://perma.cc/938X-PZ7P; “Clarification on Details Related to Sanford and Edenville Dams” (Four Lakes Task Force, June 2020), https://perma.cc/E5JY-J7JW.
24 Mike Wilkinson et al., “Michigan Regulators Moved Fast on Dangerous Dam. To Protect Mussels.” (Bridge Magazine, May 2020), https://perma.cc/DXV9-JNUR.
25 “Boyce Hydro Dam Chronology” (Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy, May 2020), https://perma.cc/26EB-MJQG.
26 “BHP Press Release” (Boyce Hydro Power, LLC, 2020), https://perma.cc/8CYG-LMFG.
27 “BHP Press Release” (Boyce Hydro Power, LLC, 2020), https://perma.cc/8CYG-LMFG.
28 Beth Bellor, “Wixom Lake May Be Drained Due to Lack of Funds for Boyce Hydro Dam Repairs” (Midland Daily News, May 2013), https://perma.cc/M6S5-SZ2L.
29 Personal correspondence with representatives of Boyce Hydro and the Four Lakes Task Force on May 8, 2020; Beth LeBlanc, “Emails: State, Boyce Hydro Haggled Over Mussel Lawsuit Since January” (The Detroit News, June 2020), https://perma.cc/KD8H-7EL3.
30 “BHP Press Release” (Boyce Hydro Power, LLC, 2020), https://perma.cc/8CYG-LMFG.
31 State of Michigan v. Lee Mueller; Boyce Michigan, LLC, 20-255-CE, Mich. Cir.Ct. Ingham Cty. 2020.
32 “BHP Press Release” (Boyce Hydro Power, LLC, 2020), https://perma.cc/8CYG-LMFG.
33 Personal correspondence with Lawrence Kogan, The Kogan Law Group on June 8, 2020.
34 “Endangered Species By County” (Michigan Department of Agriculture & Rural Development, 2020), https://perma.cc/ 9PG9-2Z6V.
35 Garret Ellison, “Failed Dam Owner Fought With State Over Wixom Lake Levels Before Flood” (MLive Media Group, May 2020), https://perma.cc/S3XM-U4GF.
36 “2nd Lawsuit Filed Against Operator of Failed Michigan Dams” (ABC News, May 2020), https://perma.cc/7SESZPWS; Cole Waterman, “Attorney Geoffrey Fieger Joins in Lawsuits Seeking Damages in Wake of Midland Dam Failure and Flooding” (MLive Media Group, May 2020), https://perma.cc/HJU2-NXAZ.
37 Kelly House, “Legal Claim Blames Federal Regulators for Edenville Dam Failure” (Bridge Magazine, July 22, 2020), https://perma.cc/4YK8-SJFU.
38 Cole Waterman, “Gov. Whitmer Calls for State Investigation into Midland County Dam Failures” (MLive Media Group, May 2020), https://perma.cc/RE9F-8BMP.
39 “EGLE: Third-Party Investigation Into Dam Failure Coming Soon.” Gongwer News Service, Inc. June 10, 2020.
40 Testimony by Liesl Clark, director of Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lake, and Energy before the Michigan Senate Joint Committee on Energy and Technology and Environmental Quality, June 10, 2020.
41 “Glenn Says EGLE’s Dam Probe Investigator Picks Not Independent Enough.” Gongwer News Service, Inc. June 19, 2020.
42 “The Path Forward for the Four Lakes of Gladwin and Midland Counties” (Four Lakes Task Force, June 22, 2020), https://perma.cc/8MYR-HME6.