1 “Michigan’s Occupational Licensing Requirements” (Mackinac Center for Public Policy, 2017), https://perma.cc/ZTH4-BP79.
2 “Occupational Licensing: A Framework for Policymakers” (The White House, Jul. 2015), https://perma.cc/U7J2-V9XD; “U.S. Secretary of Labor Acosta Addresses Occupational Licensing Reform” (U.S. Department of Labor, July 21, 2017), https://perma. cc/MPB2-WMWW.
3 Morris M. Kleiner et al., “Relaxing Occupational Licensing Requirements: Analyzing Wages and Prices for a Medical Service” (National Bureau of Economic Research, Feb. 2014), https://perma.cc/FY3U-J4MP; Ryan Nunn, “Advancing Opportunity, Prosperity, and Growth How Occupational Licensing Matters for Wages and Careers” (Brookings Institution, March 2018), https://perma.cc/H626-XQ5P.
4 “The State of Occupational Licensing: Research, State Policies and Trends” (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2017), https://perma.cc/H5XD-ZXHV; D. Mark Anderson et al., “The Effect of Occupational Licensing on Consumer Welfare: Early Midwifery Laws and Maternal Mortality” (National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2016), https://perma.cc/743B-FD2M.
5 Morris M. Kleiner and Kyoung Won Park, “Life, Limbs, and Licensing: Occupational Regulation, Wages, and Workplace Safety of Electricians, 1992-2007,” Monthly Labor Review (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Jan. 2014), https://perma.cc/TQ63-Q6G5.
6 Jarrett Skorup, “The Most Bizarre Licenses in Michigan,” Michigan Capitol Confidential (Mackinac Center for Public Policy, Nov. 21, 2017), https://perma.cc/G23U-7JBB.
7 Stephen Slivinski, “Turning Shackles into Bootstraps: Why Occupational Licensing Reform Is the Missing Piece of Criminal Justice Reform” (Center for the Study of Economic Liberty at Arizona State University, Nov. 7, 2016), https://perma.cc/8Q34-5GZR.
8 Jarrett Skorup, “This Isn’t Working: How Michigan’s Licensing Laws Hurt Workers and Consumers” (Mackinac Center for Public Policy, 2017), 11–12, https://perma.cc/EQA6-FNHG.
9 Jarrett Skorup, “Gov. Snyder’s Much-Needed Move on Licensing” (Mackinac Center for Public Policy, May 4, 2015), https://perma.cc/M7TC-HSDA.
10 “Bills Reduce Work Restrictions, Give Those With Criminal Records Another Chance,” Michigan Capitol Confidential (Mackinac Center for Public Policy, June 23, 2018), https://perma.cc/4CBT-KVYA.
11 “‘Good Moral Character;’ Licensing: H.B. 6110 (S-2) & 6111-6113” (Michigan Senate Fiscal Agency, Dec. 7, 2018), https://perma.cc /V48F-A3UK.
12 “Require Michigan Law Review Commission to Review Occupational Regulations” (Michigan House Fiscal Agency, Sept. 26, 2018), https://perma.cc/K9D3-WDRT.
13 Evan Carter, “Bills Make Criminal Record Less of a Bar to Occupational Licenses” (Mackinac Center for Public Policy, May 2, 2019), https://perma.cc/BB9G-3NMT.
14 “Gov. Snyder: State Government Is Going ‘Outside the Box’” (State of Michigan, Sept. 7, 2018), https://perma.cc/C3XG-XG5Y.
15 “Sunrise, Sunset and State Agency Audits” (Council on Licensure, Enforcement & Regulation, 2019), https://perma.cc/ CP2P-U34U.
16 “Mississippi House Bill 1425” (State of Mississippi, 2017), https://perma.cc/D4US-B4KJ; “Nebraska Legislative Bill 299 - Adopt the Occupational Board Reform Act and Change Procedures for Rules and Regulations” (Nebraska Legislature, 2017), https://perma.cc/3H9D-BEQF; “Tennessee HB 2201” (TrackBill, 2016), https://perma.cc/SQG4-6Z7W; “Governor Ducey Signs Bill Guaranteeing Right to Earn a Living” (State of Arizona, April 5, 2017); “HB748” (Louisiana State Legislature, 2018), https://perma.cc/9F5Z-RF9W.
17 “State Occupational Licensing Reforms for Workers with Criminal Records” (Institute for Justice, 2020), https://perma. cc/HCX3-UZVU.
18 “Occupational Licenses” (State of Minnesota), https://perma. cc/7LDM-8EHU.
19 Stephen Jackson and Elizabeth Raczkowski, “Res. Main. & Alt. Contractor; Revise: H.B. 4608” (Michigan Senate Fiscal Agency, Dec. 19, 2018), https://perma.cc/JB7R-3K8E.
20 MCL § 339.2403(f).
21 Susan Stutzky and Marcus Coffin, “Residential Painters: Eliminate Contractor License” (Michigan House Fiscal Agency, June 12, 2017), https://perma.cc/4AS2-7962.
22 Judy Putnam, “Putnam: ‘It’s Just Not Right’ Says Holt Man Who Wants His Money Back from an Incomplete House Painting Job,” Lansing State Journal, April 13, 2018, https://perma.cc/ 3UND-TMSB.
23 “Painting Contractor (Residential)” (Institute for Justice, April 24, 2012), https://perma.cc/T2NU-Y2HG; Dick M. Carpenter II et al., “Painting Contractor (Residential)” (Institute for Justice, 2020), https://perma.cc/2A99-MV68.
24 Susan Stutzky and Marcus Coffin, “Residential Painters: Eliminate Contractor License” (Michigan House Fiscal Agency, June 12, 2017), https://perma.cc/4AS2-7962.
25 “Bureau of Professional Licensing - Occupational Code Disciplinary Action Reports: Fiscal Year 15/16” (State of Michigan, 2020), https://perma.cc/7B63-VHH6; “Bureau of Professional Licensing - Occupational Code Disciplinary Action Reports: Fiscal Year 16/17” (State of Michigan, 2020), https://perma.cc/J5JK-8FNY.
26 Judy Putnam, “Putnam: ‘It’s Just Not Right’ Says Holt Man Who Wants His Money Back from an Incomplete House Painting Job,” Lansing State Journal, April 13, 2018, https://perma.cc/ 3UND-TMSB.
27 Jarrett Skorup, “Michigan House Passes Bills Rolling Back Arbitrary ‘Handyman’ Licensing,” Michigan Capitol Confidential (Mackinac Center for Public Policy, Sept. 24, 2016), https://perma.cc/DMU2-B86F.
28 MCL § 339.2404(b).
29 MCL § 399.2404(3); MCL § 339.2403(f).
30 “Bureau of Professional Licensing - Occupational Code Disciplinary Action Reports: Fiscal Year 16/17” (State of Michigan, 2020), https://perma.cc/J5JK-8FNY; “Cease & Desist Orders” (Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs, 2020), https://perma.cc/V3NK-SDF8.
31 “Roofing License Requirements Guide - How to Get a Roofing License?” (Next Insurance, Inc., 2020), https://perma.cc/XBS2-ZLYQ.
32 “Prelicensure Education Requirements for Residential Builder and Maintenance & Alteration Contractor Applicants” (Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs, 2020), https://perma.cc/N3VE-X7YK.
33 “Before Applying for a License” (California Department of Consumer Affairs Contractors State License Board, 2020), https://perma.cc/WWJ5-YFDD; “List of All CSLB Fees” (California Department of Consumer Affairs Contractors State License Board, 2020), https://perma.cc/6HS8-6C3K.
34 “Application for Certified General Contractor as an Individual” (Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation, Sept. 2019), https://perma.cc/P7MN-M3DB.
35 “For Making Application Under Provisions of the Illinois Roofing Industry Licensing Act” (Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation); “Title 68: Professions and Occupations” (Illinois General Assembly), https://perma.cc/ AEX5-EYLR; “Illinois 105 - Roofing Contractors” (Continental Testing Services, Inc., 2017), https://perma.cc/7QJJ-U9S4.
36 “FY 2019 Disciplinary Action Report” (Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs, 2019), https://perma.cc/ T7AE-924W.
37 “Frequently Asked Questions – General Licensing Issues” (Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs, Sept. 24, 2010), https://perma.cc/UP97-FHRR.
38 “Memorandum: Certification Requirements for Library Media Staff” (Michigan Department of Education, Feb. 8, 2018), https://perma.cc/WC4P-JXV9.
39 Koby Levin, “Amid Literary Crisis, Michigan’s School Librarians Have All but Disappeared,” Bridge Magazine, Aug. 14, 2019, https://perma.cc/NYP4-78JW.
40 “Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2018: 25-4021 Librarians” (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 29, 2019), https://perma.cc/68NG-8VBY.
41 Koby Levin, “Amid Literary Crisis, Michigan’s School Librarians Have All but Disappeared,” Bridge Magazine, Aug. 14, 2019, https://perma.cc/NYP4-78JW.
42 “State-by-State Information” (American Library Association, 2020), https://perma.cc/DZ3L-LDA3.
43 “State/Regional Certifications” (American Library Association Allied Professional Association, 2006), https://perma.cc/8QDV-V8LD.
44 MCL § 388.1763; “Librarian” (State of Michigan, Oct. 2004), https://perma.cc/PNZ9-9WTL; “Memorandum: Certification Requirements for Library Media Staff” (Michigan Department of Education, Feb. 8, 2018), https://perma.cc/WC4P-JXV9.
45 “Library Education & Licensing” (American Library Association, 2020), https://perma.cc/WNH2-VY2B.
46 “Ohio” (School Library Connection, 2020), https://perma.cc/ 6QMC-GCPR.
47 “School Library/Media Specialist Initial Licensure” (Kent State University, 2020), https://perma.cc/KJ8S-L33L.
48 “Indiana Content Standards for Educators: School Librarian” (Indiana Department of Education, Dec. 2010), https://perma. cc/BQB4-FR9Z.
49 “Annual Educator Licensing Summary Report” (Indiana Department of Education), https://perma.cc/7T3S-SBUF.
50 “Teacher of Library Media (K-12) Certification” (Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Feb. 10, 2014), https://perma.cc/2GUH-E39L.
51 “Michigan’s Occupational Licensing Requirements” (Mackinac Center for Public Policy, 2017), https://perma.cc/ZTH4-BP79.
52 “Paraprofessional Requirements” (Michigan Department of Education, Oct. 4, 2017), https://perma.cc/C8Y6-MUVJ.
53 “Librarian” (State of Michigan, Oct. 2004), https://perma.cc/PNZ9-9WTL; “State Aid to Public Libraries Application Process” (Michigan Department of Education, Library of Michigan, Oct. 1, 2011), https://perma.cc/S7VZ-LAMR.
54 MCL § 339.1101(a).
55 “Section 226 Expenditure and Revenue Data” (Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs, 2018), https://perma.cc/7NDM-DV7D.
56 Dick M. Carpenter II et al., “Barber” (Institute for Justice, 2020), https://perma.cc/C7CR-FL5L; “Alabama to Revive Long-Dead Barber Statute” (Institute for Justice, Feb. 26, 2014), https://perma.cc/85LG-T2YN.
57 “Discover the Incredible Tools of a Profession That Dates Back to the Pharohs!” (The National Barber Museum & Hall of Fame, 2014), https://perma.cc/VD5F-R4SC.
58 “Barber Schools in Michigan with Course and Program Options” (Study.com, Jul. 29, 2019), https://perma.cc/NV5C-TPSJ; “Barber Schools and License Requirements in Michigan” (American Bar Association); “Michigan’s Occupational Licensing Requirements” (Mackinac Center for Public Policy, 2017), https://perma.cc/ZTH4-BP79.
59 Dick M. Carpenter II et al., “Barber” (Institute for Justice, 2020), https://perma.cc/C7CR-FL5L.
60 “Section 226 Expenditure and Revenue Data” (Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs, 2018), https://perma.cc/7NDM-DV7D.
61 “Occupational Code Disciplinary Action Reports: Fical Year 18/19” (Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs, 2020), https://perma.cc/NJ8K-Z4MK.
62 MCL § 339.1201(d).
63 “Michigan’s Occupational Licensing Requirements” (Mackinac Center for Public Policy, 2017), https://perma.cc/ZTH4-BP79.
64 Dick M. Carpenter II et al., “Barber” (Institute for Justice, 2020), https://perma.cc/C7CR-FL5L.