1 Keith Laing, “Poll: Michigan Drivers Hate Their Roads,” The Detroit News, March 1, 2016, https://perma.cc/D3VY-439V.
2 “Public Opinion Survey: Michigan Roads and Bridges Funding” (Michigan Chamber of Commerce, Apr. 2014), https://perma.cc/7YBP-VBHC; “In Yet Another Poll, Michigan Voters Rank Fixing Infrastructure as the Top Problem Facing State” (Fix MI State, Jan. 9, 2018), https://perma.cc/9S7L-R334.
3 “PASER Manual: Asphalt Roads” (Wisconsin Transportation Information Center, 2002), 15, https://perma.cc/C4RV-YRRJ.
4 MCL § 247.659a; “Michigan Transportation Asset Management Council” (Michigan Transportation Asset Management Council), https://perma.cc/MM7W-BC8D.
5 “TAMC PASER Training Manual” (Center for Technology & Training, 2017), 5, https://perma.cc/C2XL-7XMH.
6 Ibid., 5-6.
7 “Bridge Structural Elements Design” (Michigan Department of Transportation, 2018), https://perma.cc/E993-KK9N.
8 “Tables of Frequently Requested NBI Information” (Federal Highway Administration, April 10, 2018), https://perma.cc/6FVP-VKYM.
9 “National Bridge Inventory Rating Scale” (Michigan Department of Transportation, 2018), https://perma.cc/T5QG-BDZF.
10 “Bridge Safety Inspection: NBI Ratings Guidelines” (Michigan Department of Transportation, March 9, 2011), https://perma.cc/V733-Q8TJ.
11 “Fast Facts 2018” (Michigan Department of Transportation, Jan. 2018), https://perma.cc/HS8E-3WHJ.
12 “2016 System Performance Measures Report” (Michigan Department of Transportation, June 1, 2016), https://perma.cc/7XEL-MAAY.
13 “2015-2019 Five-Year Transportation Program” (Michigan Department of Transportation, Jan. 22, 2015), 15, https://perma.cc/ NLZ7-E5M5.
14 Based on data from the Michigan Transportation Asset Management Council, available here: https://www.mcgi.state.mi.us/ mitrp/tamcDashboards.
15 “Michigan’s 2017 Roads & Bridges Annual Report” (Michigan Transportation Asset Management Council), https://perma.cc/T385-BV9L.
16 Ibid.
17 Based on data from the Michigan Transportation Asset Management Council, available here: https://www.mcgi.state.mi.us/ mitrp/tamcDashboards.
18 “Michigan’s 2017 Roads & Bridges Annual Report” (Michigan Transportation Asset Management Council), https://perma.cc/T385-BV9L.
19 Based on data from the Michigan Transportation Asset Management Council, available here: https://www.mcgi.state.mi.us/ mitrp/tamcDashboards.
20 “Michigan’s 2017 Roads & Bridges Annual Report” (Michigan Transportation Asset Management Council), 9, https://perma.cc/T385-BV9L.
21 Ibid.
22 MCL § 247.651 et seq.
23 “Definitions: Federal-Aid Highways, Federal-Aid Systems and Federal-Aid Eligible” (Michigan Department of Transportation, 2018), https://perma.cc/6AYC-HZNJ.
24 “Federal-Aid Program Overview, General Information: Funding Basics and Eligibility” (Federal Highway Administration), https://perma.cc/A7WB-2M2M.
25 Paul Egan, “Michigan Not a ‘donor State’ for Federal Road Dollars,” Detroit Free Press, Dec. 8, 2014, https://perma.cc/7U29-URPX.
26 “Department of Transportation Funding History” (Michigan Senate Fiscal Agency, June 25, 2018), https://perma.cc/SQF3-EGL4.
27 William E. Hamilton, “Act 51 Primer: A Guide to 1951 Public Act 51 and Michigan Transportation Funding” (Michigan House Fiscal Agency, Feb. 2007), 2, https://perma.cc/SM64-8LF8.
28 “Michigan Department of Transportation 2017 Annual Financial Report” (Michigan Department of Transportation, Feb. 16, 2018), https://perma.cc/46WD-Q6FK.
29 David Eggert, “Higher Fuel, Vehicle Taxes Start Sunday in Michigan,” Crain’s Detroit Business (Associated Press, Dec. 31, 2016), https://perma.cc/N3N4-23V5.
30 “Distribution and Earmarking of Michigan’s Major State Taxes” (Michigan Senate Fiscal Agency, May 2015), https://perma.cc/3AGP-P5QJ.
31 “2018-2022 Five-Year Transportation Program” (Michigan Department of Transportation), 29, https://perma.cc/67RY-DET6.
32 “How Do I Calculate IFTA” (Rigbooks, LLC, 2018), https://perma.cc/ 3M7Y-EHAG.
33 MCL § 257.801(1)(p)(i)(B).
34 MCL § 257.801(1)(k)(ii).
35 MCL § 257.801(1)(o).
36 MCL § 257.801(1)(c)-(d).
37 “Michigan’s Truck-Weight Law and Truck-User Fees” (Michigan Department of Transportation), 3, https://perma.cc/9EN7-U2QQ.
38 Ibid.
39 Emma Ockerman, “Michigan Vehicle Registration Will Soon Go up by 20%,” Detroit Free Press, Dec. 20, 2016, https://perma.cc/JPH8-FZTB.
40 “Michigan’s Truck-Weight Law and Truck-User Fees” (Michigan Department of Transportation), 1, https://perma.cc/9EN7-U2QQ.
41 “Truck Weights in Michigan” (Michigan Department of Transportation, Jan. 2017), https://perma.cc/X4JQ-JBU4.
42 “Michigan Transportation Fund and Local Program Fund: Summary of Receipts and Distributions” (Michigan Department of Transportation), https://perma.cc/2VUY-XMHY.
43 “Transportation Economic Development Fund: Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2017” (Michigan Department of Transportation, Dec. 13, 2017), 2, https://perma.cc/C7PK-WEH8.
44 “Michigan Transportation Fund and Local Program Fund: Summary of Receipts and Distributions” (Michigan Department of Transportation), https://perma.cc/2VUY-XMHY.
45 “Act 51 Made Simple” (Michigan Department of Transportation, Aug. 2000), https://perma.cc/EJW2-TB6U.
46 William E. Hamilton, “The Comprehensive Transportation Fund and State Support for Local Public Transit Agencies: Presentation to Michigan Public Transit Association” (Michigan House Fiscal Agency, Aug. 25, 2017), https://perma.cc/FPG5-983M; “Comprehensive Transportation Fund for Public Transit Programs” (Michigan Department of Transportation, Aug. 22, 2017), https://perma.cc/HV6S-LY2W.
47 MCL § 247.660(1)(l).
48 William E. Hamilton, “MTF Distribution Formula to Local Road Agencies” (Michigan House Fiscal Agency, May 1, 2018), https://perma.cc/BQ2Y-AABQ; “Act 51 Made Simple” (Michigan Department of Transportation, Aug. 2000), https://perma.cc/EJW2-TB6U.
49 William E. Hamilton, “MTF Distribution Formula to Local Road Agencies” (Michigan House Fiscal Agency, May 1, 2018), https://perma.cc/BQ2Y-AABQ.
50 These can be found here: “County Allocation Factors” (Michigan Department of Transportation, 2018), https://perma.cc/V8U3-6A8H.
51 Based on data from July 2017 published by the Michigan Department of Transportation.
52 William E. Hamilton, “MTF Distribution Formula to Local Road Agencies” (Michigan House Fiscal Agency, May 1, 2018), 3, https://perma.cc/BQ2Y-AABQ.
53 “Act 51 Made Simple” (Michigan Department of Transportation, Aug. 2000), https://perma.cc/EJW2-TB6U.
54 “City/Village Allocation Factors” (Michigan Department of Transportation, 2018), https://perma.cc/U9PQ-PTWX.
55 See: Michelle Watterworth and Keith Szymanski, “Michigan Department of Transportation Releases 2018 Distribution Rates” (Plante Moran, March 8, 2017), https://bit.ly/2ObJn2c.
56 William E. Hamilton, “MTF Distribution Formula to Local Road Agencies” (Michigan House Fiscal Agency, May 1, 2018), 3, https://perma.cc/BQ2Y-AABQ.
57 MCL § 247.651c(1)(a)(i)-(iv).
58 William E. Hamilton, “MTF Distribution Formula to Local Road Agencies” (Michigan House Fiscal Agency, May 1, 2018), 3, https://perma.cc/BQ2Y-AABQ.
59 MCL § 247.662(9).
60 MCL § 247.663(6).
61 For more information about SADs, see: “Subdivision Paving (Special Assessment District)” (Road Commission of Oakland County), https://perma.cc/34YE-4G8A; “Special Assessments and User Charges,” in Handbook for General Law Village Officials (Michigan Municipal League, 2015), https://perma.cc/Q7GL-7W34.
62 “Citizen’s Guide to Special Assessment Districts” (Charter Township of Independence, July 2015), https://perma.cc/L2WG-FHB8; “The RCOC Special Assessment District Paving Process” (Road Commission of Oakland County), https://perma.cc/9DPK-KJ2E.
63 “US Business Cycle Expansions and Contractions” (National Bureau of Economic Research, Sept. 20, 2010), https://perma.cc/4SK5-8MCM.
64 “Vehicle Miles Traveled” (Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Aug. 20, 2018), https://perma.cc/LB7E-EQSB.
65 “Historical Perspective: Vehicle Miles Traveled” (University of Michigan, 2018), https://perma.cc/2893-ASUF.
66 “Alternative Approaches to Funding Highways” (Congressional Budget Office, March 2011), https://perma.cc/H4FV-HDDQ.
67 Ibid., 5.
68 “Gas Mileage of Vehicles on the Road: Little Progress since Early ’90s” (University of Michigan, Aug. 17, 2015), https://perma.cc/S2RB-YYK7.
69 “Truck Weights in Michigan” (Michigan Department of Transportation, Jan. 2017), https://perma.cc/X4JQ-JBU4.
70 James M. Hohman, “Proposal 1 of 2015: An Analysis” (Mackinac Center for Public Policy, March 25, 2015), https://perma.cc/5YZL-TK3P.
71 Joseph Rose, “Oregon Mileage Tax Officially Named ‘OreGo’ as Sign-up Website Goes Live,” The Oregonian, Feb. 18, 2015, https://perma.cc/6KGU-ER7U.