1 “NPEFS MI Data Summary” (Mackinac Center for Public Policy, 2020), https://perma.cc/R4NT-YC6X.
2 “Executive Order 2020-35: Provision of K-12 Education During the Remainder of the 2019-2020 School Year” (State of Michigan, 2020), https://perma.cc/H8ZS-6PUC.
3 For example, see: “If You Want Schools to Reopen Safely This Fall, Make This Call” (Detroit Free Press, June 18, 2020), https://perma.cc/2YJD-JE8P.
4 “Interim Report of Costs Incurred by State and Local Recipients through June 30” (U.S. Department of Treasury Office of Inspector General, Aug. 24, 2020), https://perma.cc/FH2N-DV6V.
5 “Summary of ESSER, GEER and CRF Funding for School Districts” (Michigan Department of Education, Oct. 22, 2020), https://perma.cc/386Q-8BNP.
6 Ibid.
7 “Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) - Education Equity Fund Program Important Information” (Michigan Department of Education, 2020), https://perma.cc /4JGW-7UNY.
8 “Revised Estimated GEER Distribution by District” (State of Michigan, Aug. 21, 2020), https://perma.cc/BMX3-EJ29.
9 “State of Michigan Stimulus Project Management Office: District COVID-19 Costs CRF Grant Requirements” (Michigan State Budget Office), https://perma.cc/J97S-6DQH.
10 Author’s calculations based on data from Michigan Department of Education, COVID-19 Funding Master Spreadsheet, https://perma.cc/MP4H-WA5T.
11 “Frequently Asked Questions about the Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Fund (ESSER Fund)” (U.S. Department of Education, 2020), https://perma.cc/TS86-HK8E.
12 “State of Michigan Stimulus Project Management Office: District COVID-19 Costs CRF Grant Requirements” (Michigan State Budget Office), https://perma.cc/J97S-6DQH.
13 “CARES Act: Education Stabilization Fund - Michigan” (U.S. Department of Education), https://perma.cc/QF2N-8UJ4.
14 Author’s calculations based on expenditure data reported in the Financial Information Database maintained by the Center for Educational Performance and Information.
15 Author’s calculations based on “Instructional Delivery Under Michigan Districts’ Extended COVID-19 Learning Plans – January Update” (Michigan State University Education Policy Innovation Collaborative, Jan. 19, 2021), https://perma.cc/625C-E7S6.
16 “Fact Sheet: Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Fund II: Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021” (U.S. Department of Education, 2021), https://perma.cc/RG5C-L7MB.
17 Ibid.
18 “FY 2020-21 School Aid Supplemental Appropriations, Summary: Enacted with Vetoes” (Michigan House Fiscal Agency, March 10, 2021), https://perma.cc/ZJ2F-LVLN; David Eggert, “Federal Relief Bill Requires Aid for Schools to Be Released after Michigan Delay” (ClickOnDetroit, March 11, 2021), https://perma.cc/V6WM-NGN6.
19 “Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Fund (ESSER II)” (U.S. Department of Education, 2021), https://perma.cc/CV5W-QG8N; “Governor’s Emergency Education Relief Fund” (U.S. Department of Education, 2021), https://perma.cc/4NGT-FZBV.
20 “FY 2020-21 School Aid Supplemental Appropriations, Summary: Enacted with Vetoes” (Michigan House Fiscal Agency, March 10, 2021), https://perma.cc/ZJ2F-LVLN.
21 “American Rescue Plan: Guiding Principles & Essential Strategies for Education Funds,” Reproduction (ExcelinEd, March 2021), https://perma.cc/TE5R-T2FX.
22 “Federal Amercan Rescue Plan Act Funding” (New York State Education Department, April 5, 2021), https://perma.cc/B28T-CVK4.
23 “Estimated Resource Costs for Implementation of CDC’s Recommended COVID-19 Mitigation Strategies in Pre-Kindergarten through Grade 12 Public Schools — United States, 2020–21 School Year” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dec. 18, 2020), https://perma.cc/83D4-2YGV.
24 Jenny McInerney, Samuel Christensen and Jacqueline Mullen, “Legislative Analysis: ‘Return to Learn’ Package” (Michigan House Fiscal Agency, Aug. 17, 2020), https://perma.cc/T9SN-LUW2.
25 Ibid.
26 “FY 2020-21 School Aid Supplemental Appropriations, Summary: Enacted with Vetoes” (Michigan House Fiscal Agency, March 10, 2021), https://perma.cc/ZJ2F-LVLN.
27 “FY 2021-22 School Aid Budget” (Michigan Senate Fiscal Agency, Feb. 15, 2021), https://perma.cc/9LAR-573Y.
28 Ben DeGrow, “Time to Fund Cyber School Students Fairly - Again” (Mackinac Center for Public Policy, Feb. 12, 2021), https://perma.cc/9AW3-ZPGE.