1 Public Act 480 of 2006, Michigan Compiled Law (MCL) 484.3306.
2 U.S. General Accounting Office, "Telecommunications Issues Related to Competition and Subscriber Rates in the Cable Television Industry," GAO-04-8 (October 2003), 60.
3 See, e.g.,Thomas Hazlett, "Private Monopoly and the Public Interest: An Economic Analysis of the Cable Television Franchise," 134 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 1335 (1986); Kent D. Wakefield, "Municipal Cable Franchising: An Unwarranted Intrusion into Competitive Markets," 69 Southern California Law Review 233, (1995-1995).
4 Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992, Pub. L. No. 102-385, 106 Stat. 1460 (1992).
5 Diane S. Katz, Policy Brief: Assessing the Case for Cable Franchise Reform, (Midland, Mich.: Mackinac Center for Public Policy, September 19, 2006), 3.
6 Cable Communications Policy Ac of 1984, Pub. L. No. 980549, 98 Stat. 2779 (1984).
7 Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992, Pub. L. No. 102-385, 106 Stat. 1460 (1992).
8 Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992, Pub. L. No. 102-385, 106 Stat. 1460 (1992).
9 U.S. Federal Communications Commission, "Annual Assessment of the Status of Competition in the Market for the Delivery of Video Programming, 12th Annual Report," March 3, 2006. The FCC has not issued an annual report since this 2006 report.
10 Telecommunications Act of 1996, Pub. L. No. 104-104, 110 Stat. 56 (1996).
11 Thomas Hazlett and George S. Ford, "The Fallacy of Regulatory Symmetry: An Economic Analysis of the 'Level Playing Field' in Cable TV Franchising Statutes," Business and Policy, Vol. 3, No.1, 21-46 (2001).
12 Thomas Hazlett, "Cable TV Franchises as Barriers to Video Competition," Virginia Journal of Law & Technology Vol. 12, No. 2, (Winter 2007),1-82 at 4-5.
13 Thomas Hazlett, "Cable TV Franchises as Barriers to Video Competition," Virginia Journal of Law & Technology Vol. 12, No. 2, (Winter 2007),1-82 at 6.
14 Thomas Hazlett, "Cable TV Franchises as Barriers to Video Competition," Virginia Journal of Law & Technology Vol. 12, No. 2, (Winter 2007),1-82 at 5.
15 Thomas Hazlett, "Cable TV Franchises as Barriers to Video Competition," Virginia Journal of Law & Technology Vol. 12, No. 2, (Winter 2007),1-82 at 18-27.
16 Christina Rogers, "Cable Giant's Competition Benefits Users," Detroit News, July 7, 2008.
17 Similar types of public access channels are carried on cable systems in other countries, including Canada and Australia.
18 Ralph Engleman, "The Origins of Public Access Cable Television: 1966-1972," Journalism Monographs No. 123, (Columbia, NC: Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, 1990).
19 U.S. Federal Communications Commission, "First Report and Order in Docket 18397," 20 FCC 2d 201 (1969).
20 U.S. Federal Communications Commission, "Cable Television Report and Order," 36 FCC 2d 141 (1972).
21 Michael Shamberg, Guerrilla Television, (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971), 28.
22 Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984, Pub. L. No. 980549, 98 Stat. 2779 (1984).
23 MCL § 484.3306(3).
24 MCL § 484.3306(1)(a)-(c).
25 MCL § 484.3306(8)(a)-(c).
26 MCL § 484.3306(8)(a)-(b).
27 MCL § 484.3306(8)(a).
28 MCL § 484.3306(8)(c).
29 Michigan House Bill No. 5047, Section 8(b)-(c).
30 Michigan House Bill No. 5047, Section 8(a).
31 "Judges Order Comcast Not to Move Channels," Associated Press, January 15, 2008.
32, 33 WWJ Newsradio 950, "Saline Sues Comcast Over Local Programming Payments, August 10, 2008, http://www.wwj.com/pages/2757803.php? (accessed September 9, 2008).
34 Greg Chandler, "Public Access TV Channel May Vanish Without Funding," The Grand Rapids Press, January 29, 2008.
35 Michigan Cable Telecommunications Association, "SB 636 and HB 5047," undated 2008 memorandum.
36 Michigan Cable Telecommunications Association, "SB 636 and HB 5047," undated 2008 memorandum.
37 Michigan House Bill No. 5047, Section 8.
38 Greg Chandler, "Public Access TV Channel May Vanish Without Funding," The Grand Rapids Press, January 29, 2008.
39 Diane S. Katz, "Time to End Subsidies for Cable Public Access Channels," Milwaukee Biz Blog, July 22, 2007, http://www.biztimes.com/blogs/milwaukee-biz-blog/authors/diane-katz (accessed October 23, 2008).
40 Eric Moskowitz, "Airing of 9/11 film ignites debate," The Boston Globe, November 29, 2007.
41 Christian Schneider, The Benefits of Cable Competition in Wisconsin, (Thiensville, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Policy Research Institute, March 22, 2007).
42 Diane S. Katz, "Time to End Subsidies for Cable Public Access Channels," Milwaukee Biz Blog, July 22, 2007, http://www.biztimes.com/blogs/milwaukee-biz-blog/authors/diane-katz (accessed October 23, 2008).
43 "The Sports Must Go On," Broadcasting and Cable, March 17, 2003, http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/CA284670.html (accessed October 29, 2008).
44 "Big Ten Network, Comcast Close to Deal," The Detroit Free Press, June 16, 2008.
45 Linda Moss, "Carriage Clashes Continue," Multichannel News, January 1, 2006.
46 Sanford Nowlin, "TV Dramas Aren't Just on Screen," San Antonio Express-News, December 14, 2006, http://www.mysanantonio.com/business/stories/MYSA121506.01A.CableDisputes.30ed18f.html (accessed October 29, 2008).
47 David Hatch, "FCC Efforts To Re-Regulate Cable Face Gridlock," National Journal, November 27, 2007.48 Diane S. Katz, "Time to End Subsidies for Cable Public Access Channels," Milwaukee Biz Blog, July 22, 2007, http://www.biztimes.com/blogs/milwaukee-biz-blog/authors/diane-katz (accessed October 23, 2008).
49 Geoff Daily, "Reporting from the Trenches in the Battle Over the Future of PEG," App-Rising.com blog, January 16, 2008, http://app-rising.com/2008/01/reporting_from_the_trenches_in.html (accessed September 9, 2008).